Virunga national park in the Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the only four national parks in the whole world that host the estimated population of about 900 mountain gorillas! Remember this population is distributed into two; the population that live in the Virungas and the one in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. The Virungas is comprised of three national parks; Virunga National Park in DRC, Mgahinga Gorilla National park in Uganda and the Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda.
Virunga National Park is the pioneer destination where mountain gorilla tracking was first carried out. With in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Virunga National Park is the most popular known place where tourists see mountain gorillas in hikes within the forests. Gorilla tracking is carried out in the southern part of the park, and there are five habituated gorilla groups that are open for tourist visits. These forests are part of the larger Virunga conservation area that stretches across the borders of Uganda, Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Though it is possible to access the park by flights to Goma Airport most tourist visits are of tourists who cross over from Rwanda or Kisoro in Uganda. Gorilla treks in Virunga National Park can also be combined with treks in the neighboring Volcanoes national park in Rwanda or Mgahinga National Park in Uganda. Here travelers come in contact with the rare species in their natural habitats and learn more about their behaviors and habits in their natural habits.
Mountain Gorilla Treks
A visit to a mountain gorilla family in the Virunga is a life changing experience. Mountain gorillas are highly intelligent, good natured, and fascinating to observe.The mountain gorilla is one of many species unique to these forests. The forests are also home to many wonderful birds, primates, large mammals, reptiles, insects, plants and also ensure continued water and medical plant resources for the local communities.
All treks are led by park rangers and usually depart from Bukima patrol post. Treks usually require 1-2 hours of hiking in each direction, depending where the mountain gorillas spent the previous night and the difficulty of the terrain.
To safeguard the health of Virunga’s gorillas, visitors will be required to wear surgical masks (provided) when in the presence of gorillas. Time with the gorillas is strictly limited to one hour. If you don’t feel well at the time of your scheduled trek (i.e. you have a cold, fever, diarrhea, or persistent sore throat) – please cancel. Mountain gorillas are extremely susceptible to human illnesses. Gorillas have died after being exposed to human respiratory viruses and other common ailments.
By following these rules and through the purchase of the permit, you too are contributing to the conservation of the mountain gorilla. The funds generated from the sale of this permit are used for the management of the National Parks. A percentage of the funds raised from Park entrance fees are also donated to local communities living adjacent to the parks to contribute to their development and improve natural resource management in the region.
Travel Updates
Currently, Virunga National park is very conducive and safe for gorilla tracking tours, with the established security in the area and conservation of the Mountain Gorillas. There are six families of the mountain gorillas habituated for tourist visits.
Virunga National Park is located in a region that is often troubled by unrest. In the last three years, the southern sector of Virunga National Park (gorillas and volcano) has been considered safe for visitors with over a 100 tourists visiting these sites every month. It is Africa’s oldest national park, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site and the continent’s most biologically diverse protected area. It is also home to a quarter of the world’s approximately 900 remaining mountain gorillas. Two other Great Ape species can also be found in Virunga, the eastern lowland gorillas and chimpanzees
The Rwenzori Mountains are also open for tourists and can be reached from Beni in the North of the park. The management of Virunga National Park is emphasizing the importance that all visitors be aware of current security issues at the time of their visit. Before organizing a trip to Virunga National Park it is wise to inform yourself on the security situation.
It is now possible for adventurous travelers to visit the once again accessible southern section of the Virunga National Park.
Gorilla Trekking Tips
Porters: Are you planning to travel with a heavy bag or equipment (video cameras, binoculars and other gadgets)? If the answer is yes, then you might need to hire a porter to relieve you of the burden of carrying heavy stuff. The porters will also lend a hand during the more difficult sections of the hike. Porters consists of students looking for school fees, former poachers, fathers and mothers. By hiring their services, you are indirectly making a difference in their lives. Porters are available just after the briefing or at the starting point of the trek. The services of a porter costs about $15.
Tipping: One thing you will notice throughout your gorilla tour is the dedication, enthusiasm and friendliness of the people you meet. The people could include Park rangers, hotel personnel, Drivers and Guides. It’s a nice gesture to reward them with tip if they go out of their way to make your time memorable in Africa. Tip of $10 would be great. Only give out tip if you want to.
The journey leading to gorilla trek
From Goma it is a scenic drive through the region’s dramatic landscape to the newly opened Bukima Tented Camp, which is located at the forest’s edge and is the starting point for the gorilla trek. You can spend an unforgettable night in one of the platform tents, with spectacular views of the Virunga Mountains, while listening to the atmospheric sounds of the park as night slowly falls. All treks are led by park rangers and usually depart from Bukima Patrol Post. Congo gorilla Trek usually require 1-2 hours of hiking in each direction, depending where the mountain gorillas spent the previous night and the difficulty of the terrain. Time with the gorillas is strictly limited to 1 hour.
From Bukima, travelers you can embark on a morning gorilla trekking through the tropical forest to spend an awe-inspiring one hour in the company of a band of gorillas. From only a short distance away, take in the impressive sight of a silverback as he keeps a watchful eye over his family. Observe young gorillas pumping their chests, swinging on trees, mothers tenderly feeding their young and watch baby gorillas gleefully play-fighting, somersaulting in their natural environment.
The following day of the night you will stay overnight at Mikeno Lodge, which sits inside the Virunga park headquarters at Rumangabo. A dense canopy of trees overhead provides a refuge for Sykes monkeys, baboons, Vervet monkeys and a variety of birds. The lodge has a collection of charming thatched cottages located within the grounds of Virunga’s Rumangabo headquarters, offering spacious accommodation and breathtaking views from the hilltop over the sweeping forest plain and Mikeno volcanoes.
Tracking and the Physical Demands
Trekking through Virunga’s high-altitude forests requires navigating steep inclines, thick vegetation, and humid conditions. The duration of the trek varies based on the location of the gorilla family, with some treks lasting under two hours while others extend beyond four hours. The terrain is unpredictable, with sections requiring hikers to traverse muddy paths, cross small streams, or move through dense undergrowth using machete-cut trails.
Visitors must maintain a controlled pace as the group moves according to the guidance of trackers who relay information via radio from advance teams monitoring the gorillas’ location. Due to the park’s elevation, which ranges between 2,000 and 3,000 meters above sea level, individuals with limited physical endurance or respiratory conditions should prepare accordingly. Proper hydration, pacing, and lightweight gear create a more manageable trek.
The Encounter with a Gorilla Family
Upon locating the assigned gorilla group, visitors spend one hour observing their natural behaviours. Rangers enforce a strict 7-meter minimum distance between humans and gorillas to reduce the risk of disease transmission, as gorillas share over 98% of their DNA with humans and are susceptible to respiratory infections.
During the observation period, tourists witness various social interactions within the group. The dominant silverback, responsible for leading and protecting the troop, often remains alert. At the same time, juveniles engage in play, mothers care for their infants, and subordinate males and females participate in grooming and foraging activities. Rangers interpret the gorillas’ vocalisations and gestures, offering a deeper understanding of their communication and social structure.
Visitors must remain calm and follow rangers’ instructions at all times. Sudden movements, prolonged eye contact, or loud noises can provoke defensive reactions, especially from the silverback. Rangers are trained to manage close interactions, ensure human safety, and minimise disturbance to the gorillas.
Permits and Costs for Gorilla Trekking
Gorilla trekking in Virunga National Park requires a government-issued permit as a conservation fee and an entry authorisation. The permit system is strictly regulated to ensure minimal ecological impact, limit the number of daily visitors, and generate funds for conservation efforts, ranger operations, and local community programs.
Permit Cost and Booking Process
As of recent updates, a gorilla trekking permit in Virunga National Park costs approximately $400 per person—a significantly lower fee than permits in Rwanda ($1,500) and Uganda ($700). This makes Virunga an attractive option for those seeking a high-quality gorilla trekking experience at a more affordable rate.
Permits can be obtained through:
- The official website of Virunga National Park provides real-time availability and secure booking options.
- Licensed tour operators, who often package the permit with transportation, accommodation, and guided trekking services.
Due to the limited number of daily permits available (typically six to eight visitors per habituated gorilla family), early booking is strongly advised, particularly during the peak dry season.
What the Permit Covers
The gorilla trekking permit includes:
- Entry into Virunga National Park for the trekking activity.
- A guided trek led by armed rangers and experienced trackers.
- One hour of observation with a habituated gorilla group.
- Conservation fees that support habitat protection, anti-poaching measures, and ranger salaries.
The permit does not include accommodation, meals, porter services, or transport to and from the park. Visitors should factor in additional costs for logistical arrangements.
Permit Regulations and Refund Policy
- Permits are non-transferable and must be used on the assigned trekking date.
- Cancellations and refunds are subject to the park’s policies, with partial refunds available in cases of documented medical emergencies or security-related disruptions.
- If a visitor cannot complete the trek due to unforeseen circumstances such as extreme weather or health issues, alternative arrangements are considered on a case-by-case basis.
What to Pack
Clothing and Layering
- Long-sleeved shirts and trousers protect against insect bites, thorny vegetation, and sun exposure. Lightweight, moisture-wicking fabrics are recommended.
- Waterproof jacket or poncho—This is essential due to the frequent rainfall in the montane forests, even during the dry season. A breathable yet water-resistant outer layer is ideal.
- Gaiters or long socks – Help prevent dirt, water, and insects from getting into boots, especially when trekking through damp undergrowth.
- Hat and gloves – A wide-brimmed hat protects against sun exposure, while lightweight gloves provide a better grip when navigating vegetation and steep inclines.
Footwear and Rain Protection
- Waterproof hiking boots – Ankle-supportive boots with firm grip and deep treads are essential for stability on wet and uneven terrain.
- Extra socks – Moisture-wicking, quick-dry socks help keep feet comfortable, especially when crossing damp areas.
- Rain cover for a backpack – Protects gear from unexpected showers, ensuring that essentials remain dry.
Essential Gear and Accessories
- A small, lightweight backpack can carry water, snacks, camera gear, and extra clothing layers without adding unnecessary weight.
- Walking sticks or trekking poles—These aid in balance and reduce strain when ascending or descending steep sections. Some are available at the ranger post, but it is recommended that you carry a personal adjustable pole.
- Insect repellent – Protects against mosquitoes and other biting insects commonly found in the forest.
- Sunscreen and lip balm – High-altitude sun exposure can be intense, making sun protection necessary.
Photography Equipment
- Camera with good zoom capability – A DSLR or mirrorless camera with a 70-300mm lens is suitable for close-up shots while maintaining the required 7-meter distance.
- Lens hood and dry bag – Helps protect the camera from moisture and accidental splashes during the trek.
- Extra batteries and memory cards – Given the length of the trek, carrying spare batteries ensures uninterrupted photography.